Hanya guda 8 Mai Fitarwa na Shekara 8 - 40Gb/s QSFP+ ER4, 40km 1310nm SFP Transceiver JHA-QC40 – JHA
Hanya guda 8 Mai Fitarwa na Shekara 8 - 40Gb/s QSFP+ ER4, 40km 1310nm SFP Transceiver JHA-QC40 - JHA Dalla-dalla:
Siffofin:
◊ 4 hanyoyin CWDM ƙirar MUX/DEMUX
◊ Har zuwa 11.2Gbps kowace tashar bandwidth
◊ Haɗa bandwidth na> 40Gbps
◊ Duplex LC connector
◊ Mai dacewa da 40G Ethernet IEEE802.3ba da 40GBASE-ER4 Standard
◊ QSFP MSA mai yarda
◊ Mai gano hoto na APD
◊ Har zuwa 40 km watsa
◊ Mai yarda da ƙimar bayanan QDR/DDR Infiniband
◊ Single + 3.3V samar da wutar lantarki aiki
◊ Gina-ginen ayyukan bincike na dijital
◊ Yanayin zafi 0°C zuwa 70°C
◊ Sashe na Yarda da RoHS
Aikace-aikace:
◊ Rake don tarawa
◊ Data Centers Switches and Routers
Ƙungiyoyin Metro
◊ Sauyawa da Rawaya
◊ 40G BASE-ER4 Ethernet Links
Bayani:
JHA-QC40 na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto ce da aka tsara don aikace-aikacen sadarwa na gani na 40km. Zane ya dace da 40GBASE-ER4 na ma'aunin IEEE P802.3ba. Tsarin yana canza tashoshi na shigarwa na 4 (ch) na bayanan lantarki na 10Gb/s zuwa siginar gani na 4 CWDM, kuma ya ninka su cikin tashoshi ɗaya don watsawar gani na 40Gb/s. Komawa, a gefen mai karɓa, ƙirar ƙirar tana ƙaddamar da shigarwar 40Gb/s cikin siginar tashoshi 4 CWDM, kuma yana canza su zuwa bayanan lantarki na tashar tashar tashoshi 4.
Matsakaicin tsayin tsayin tashoshi na 4 CWDM sune 1271, 1291, 1311 da 1331 nm a matsayin mambobi na grid na CWDM da aka ayyana a cikin ITU-T G694.2. Yana ƙunshe da mai haɗin LC mai duplex don mahaɗar gani da kuma mai haɗin fil 38 don ƙirar lantarki. Don rage tarwatsawar gani a cikin tsarin dogon ja da baya, dole ne a yi amfani da fiber-mode fiber (SMF) a cikin wannan tsarin.
An ƙirƙira samfurin tare da nau'i nau'i, haɗin gani/lantarki da kuma dubawar bincike na dijital bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Maɓuɓɓuka Maɗaukaki na QSFP (MSA). An ƙera shi don saduwa da mafi tsananin yanayin aiki na waje gami da zafin jiki, zafi da tsangwama na EMI.
Tsarin yana aiki daga wutar lantarki + 3.3V guda ɗaya da LVCMOS / LVTTL siginar sarrafawa na duniya kamar Module Present, Sake saitin, Katsewa da Yanayin Ƙarfin Wuta suna samuwa tare da kayayyaki. Akwai keɓancewar siriyal mai waya 2 don aikawa da karɓar sigina masu rikitarwa masu rikitarwa da samun bayanan bincike na dijital. Ana iya magance tashoshi guda ɗaya kuma ana iya rufe tashoshin da ba a yi amfani da su ba don mafi girman sassaucin ƙira.
An ƙera JHA-QC40 tare da nau'i nau'i, haɗin gani/lantarki da kuma dubawar bincike na dijital bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Maɓuɓɓuka Maɗaukaki na QSFP (MSA). An ƙera shi don saduwa da mafi tsananin yanayin aiki na waje gami da zafin jiki, zafi da tsangwama na EMI. Tsarin yana ba da babban aiki sosai da haɗin kai, ana iya samun dama ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta waya biyu.
•Cikakkun Mahimman Kima
| Siga | Alama | Min. | Na al'ada | Max. | Naúrar |
| Ajiya Zazzabi | TS | -40 |
| +85 | °C |
| Samar da Wutar Lantarki | VCCT, R | -0.5 |
| 4 | V |
| Danshi na Dangi | RH | 0 |
| 85 | % |
•NasihaMuhallin Aiki:
| Siga | Alama | Min. | Na al'ada | Max. | Naúrar |
| Yanayin aiki Case | TC | 0 |
| +70 | °C |
| Samar da Wutar Lantarki | VCCT, R | + 3.13 | 3.3 | + 3.47 | V |
| Kawo Yanzu | ICC |
|
| 1000 | mA |
| Rashin Wutar Lantarki | PD |
|
| 3.5 | IN |
•Halayen Lantarki(TON = 0 zuwa 70 ° C, VCC= 3.13 zuwa 3.47V
| Siga | Alama | Min | Nau'in | Max | Naúrar | Lura |
| Adadin Bayanai akan kowane Channel |
| - | 10.3125 | 11.2 | Gbps |
|
| Amfanin Wuta |
| - | 2.5 | 3.5 | IN |
|
| Kawo Yanzu | Icc |
| 0.75 | 1.0 | A |
|
| Sarrafa I/O Voltage-High | HIV | 2.0 |
| Vcc | V |
|
| Sarrafa I/O Voltage-Ƙasa | SO | 0 |
| 0.7 | V |
|
| Inter-Channel Skew | TSK |
|
| 150 | Ps |
|
| Sake saita Tsawon Lokaci |
|
| 10 |
| Mu |
|
| Sake saita lokacin ƙaddamarwa |
|
|
| 100 | ms |
|
| Ikon Lokaci |
|
|
| 100 | ms |
|
| Mai watsawa | ||||||
| Jurewar Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Fitar da Wutar Lantarki |
| 0.3 |
| 4 | V | 1 |
| Yanayin gama gari Haƙurin wutar lantarki |
| 15 |
|
| mV |
|
| Isar da Input Diff Voltage | MU | 150 |
| 1200 | mV |
|
| Isar da Rarraba Input Input | HUKUNCI | 85 | 100 | 115 |
|
|
| Dogaran Input Jitter | DDJ |
| 0.3 |
| UI |
|
| Mai karɓa | ||||||
| Jurewar Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Fitar da Wutar Lantarki |
| 0.3 |
| 4 | V |
|
| Rx Output Diff Voltage | Vo | 370 | 600 | 950 | mV |
|
| Rx Output Tashi da Faɗuwar Wutar Lantarki | Tr/Tf |
|
| 35 | ps | 1 |
| Jimlar Jitter | TJ |
| 0.3 |
| UI |
|
Lura:
- 20~80%
•Ma'aunin gani (TOP = 0 zuwa 70°C, VCC = 3.0 zuwa 3.6V)
| Siga | Alama | Min | Nau'in | Max | Naúrar | Ref. |
| Mai watsawa | ||||||
| Aiwatar da Tsawon Tsayin | L0 | 1264.5 | 1271 | 1277.5 | nm |
|
| L1 | 1284.5 | 1291 | 1297.5 | nm |
| |
| L2 | 1304.5 | 1311 | 1317.5 | nm |
| |
| L3 | 1324.5 | 1331 | 1337.5 | nm |
| |
| Ratio na Yanke yanayin gefe | SMSR | 30 | - | - | dB |
|
| Jimlar Matsakaicin Ƙaddamarwar Ƙarfin | PT | - | - | 8.3 | dBm |
|
| Matsakaicin Ƙaddamar da Ƙarfin, kowane Layi |
| -3 | - | 5 | dBm |
|
| TDP, kowane Lane | TDP |
|
| 2.3 | dB |
|
| Rabon Kashewa | IS | 3.5 | 6.0 |
| dB | |
| Ma'anar Mashin Ido mai watsawa {X1, X2, X3, Y1, Y2, Y3} |
| {0.25, 0.4, 0.45, 0.25, 0.28, 0.4} |
| |||
| Hakuri asara na Komawar gani |
| - | - | 20 | dB |
|
| Matsakaicin Ƙaddamar da Ƙarfin Ƙarfi, kowace Layi | Poof |
|
| -30 | dBm |
|
| Hayaniyar Ƙarfin Dangi | Hakanan |
|
| -128 | dB/HZ | 1 |
| Hakuri asara na Komawar gani |
| - | - | 12 | dB |
|
| Mai karɓa | ||||||
| Matsakaicin lalacewa | THd | 3 |
|
| dBm | 1 |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfi a Shigar da Mai karɓa, kowane Layi | R | -ashirin da daya |
| -6 | dBm |
|
| Karɓa Wutar Lantarki 3 dB babba Yanke Mitar, kowane Layi |
|
|
| 12.3 | GHz |
|
| Daidaiton RSSI |
| -2 |
| 2 | dB |
|
| Tunani Mai karɓa | Rrx |
|
| -26 | dB |
|
| Wutar Mai karɓa (OMA), kowane Layi |
| - | - | 3.5 | dBm |
|
| Karɓi Mitar Yankewar Wutar Lantarki 3 dB na sama, kowane Layi |
|
|
| 12.3 | GHz |
|
| LOS De-Assert | THED |
|
| -25 | dBm |
|
| LOS Tabbatar | THEA | -35 |
|
| dBm |
|
| LOS Hysteresis | THEH | 0.5 |
|
| dB |
|
Lura
- 12dB Tunani
•Interface Kulawa da Bincike
Ana samun aikin saka idanu na dijital akan duk QSFP+ ER4. Serial interface na waya 2 yana ba mai amfani don tuntuɓar module. Ana nuna tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin gudana. An tsara sararin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya zuwa ƙasa, shafi ɗaya, sararin adireshi na bytes 128 da shafukan sararin adireshi masu yawa. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar isa ga adireshi akan lokaci a cikin ƙaramin shafi, kamar Tsage Tutoci da Masu Sa ido. Ƙananan shigarwar lokaci mai mahimmanci, kamar bayanan ID na serial da saitunan kofa, suna samuwa tare da aikin Zaɓin Page. Adireshin dubawar da aka yi amfani da shi shine A0xh kuma ana amfani dashi galibi don mahimman bayanai na lokaci kamar sarrafa katsewa don ba da damar karantawa lokaci ɗaya don duk bayanan da ke da alaƙa da yanayin katsewa. Bayan katsewa, an tabbatar da IntL, mai watsa shiri na iya karanta filin tuta don tantance tashar da abin ya shafa da nau'in tuta.
EEPROM Serial ID Abubuwan Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa (Ahh)
| Bayanai Adireshi | Tsawon | Sunan Tsawon | Bayani da Abubuwan da ke ciki | |
| Filin ID na tushe | ||||
| 128 | 1 | Mai ganowa | Nau'in Gano Na'urar Module (D=QSFP+) | |
| 129 | 1 | Ext. Mai ganowa | Ƙwararren Mai Gano Serial Module (90=2.5W) | |
| 130 | 1 | Mai haɗawa | Lambar nau'in haɗi (7=LC) | |
| 131-138 | 8 | Yarda da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai | Lambar don dacewa ta lantarki ko dacewa ta gani (40GBASE-LR4) | |
| 139 | 1 | Rufewa | Lambobi don rikodin rikodin serial algorithm (5=64B66B) | |
| 140 | 1 | BR, mai suna | Ƙimar bit na ƙira, raka'a na 100 MBits/s(6C=108) | |
| 141 | 1 | Ƙididdigar Ƙidaya zaɓaɓɓu | Tags don tsawaita ƙimar zaɓi yarda | |
| 142 | 1 | Tsawon (SMF) | Tsawon haɗin haɗin yana goyan bayan fiber na SMF a cikin km (28=40KM) | |
| 143 | 1 | Tsawon (OM3 50um) | Tsawon haɗin haɗin yana goyan bayan EBW 50/125um fiber(OM3), raka'a na 2m | |
| 144 | 1 | Tsawon (OM2 50um) | Tsawon haɗin haɗin yana goyan bayan 50/125um fiber(OM2), raka'a 1m | |
| 145 | 1 | Tsawon (OM1 62.5um) | Tsawon haɗin haɗin yana goyan bayan 62.5/125um fiber (OM1), raka'a 1m | |
| 146 | 1 | Tsawon (Copper) | Tsawon haɗin jan ƙarfe ko kebul mai aiki, yana haɗa tsayin haɗin haɗin 1m wanda aka goyan bayan 50/125um fiber (OM4), raka'a na 2m lokacin da Byte 147 ya bayyana 850nm VCSEL kamar yadda aka ayyana a cikin Table 37 | |
| 147 | 1 | Fasahar na'ura | Fasahar na'ura | |
| 148-163 | 16 | Sunan mai siyarwa | QSFP+ sunan mai siyarwa: TIBTRONIX (ASCII) | |
| 164 | 1 | Extended Module | Lambobin Module na InfiniBand | |
| 165-167 | 3 | Mai sayarwa YES | QSFP+ mai siyar IEEE kamfanin ID(000840) | |
| 168-183 | 16 | Mai sayarwa PN | Sashe na lamba: JHA-QC40 (ASCII) | |
| 184-185 | 2 | Mai siyarwa Rev | Matsayin bita don lambar ɓangaren da mai siyarwa (ASCII) ya bayar (X1) | |
| 186-187 | 2 | Tsawon igiyar igiyar ruwa ko Ƙarƙashin igiyar jan ƙarfe | Tsawon igiyoyin Laser na ƙima (tsawon tsayi = ƙimar / 20 a nm) ko haɓakar kebul na jan ƙarfe a dB a 2.5GHz (Adrs 186) da 5.0GHz (Adrs 187) (65A4=1301) | |
| 188-189 | 2 | Haƙuri na tsawon tsayi |
Tabbataccen kewayon tsayin igiyoyin Laser (+/- ƙima) daga ƙima tsawon zango. (Tol tsawon zango = darajar/200 a nm) (1C84=36.5) | |
| 190 | 1 | Matsakaicin yanayin yanayi. | Matsakaicin zafin jiki a digiri C (70) | |
| 191 | 1 | CC_BASE | Duba lambar don filayen ID na tushe (adireshi 128-190) | |
| Filayen ID mai tsawo | ||||
| 192-195 | 4 | Zabuka | Zaɓin ƙimar, TX Disable, Tx Laifi, LOS, Alamomin gargaɗi don: Zazzabi, VCC, RX, ƙarfi, TX Bias | |
| 196-211 | 16 | Mai sayarwa SN | Serial number wanda dillali ya bayar (ASCII) | |
| 212-219 | 8 | Lambar kwanan wata | Lambar kwanan wata mai siyarwa | |
| 220 | 1 | Nau'in Kula da Lafiya | Yana Nuna waɗanne nau'ikan saka idanu na bincike (idan akwai) a cikin Module. Bit 1, 0 Ajiye (8=Matsakaicin Ƙarfi) | |
| 221 | 1 | Ingantattun Zabuka | Yana nuna waɗanne abubuwan haɓaka na zaɓi aka aiwatar a cikin Module. | |
| 222 | 1 | Ajiye | ||
| 223 | 1 | CC_EXT | Duba lambar don Filin ID ɗin Faɗaɗɗen (adireshi 192-222) | |
| Takamaiman Filin ID na Mai siyarwa | ||||
| 224-255 | 32 | Specific EEPROM | ||
•Lokaci don Kulawa mai laushi da Ayyukan Hali
| Siga | Alama | Max | Naúrar | Sharuɗɗa |
| Lokacin farawa | t_init | 2000 | ms | Lokaci daga wuta1, filogi mai zafi ko tashin gefen Sake saitin har sai tsarin ya cika aiki2 |
| Sake saita Init Assert Time | t_sake saita_init | 2 | μs | Ana haifar da Sake saitin ta ƙaramin matakin da ya fi tsayi fiye da ƙaramin lokacin sake saitin bugun bugun da ke kan fil ɗin ResetL. |
| Serial Bus Hardware Lokacin Shiryewa | t_serial | 2000 | ms | Lokaci daga wuta akan1 har sai module ya amsa watsa bayanai akan bas ɗin serial mai waya 2 |
| Shirye Bayanan KulawaLokaci | t_data | 2000 | ms | Lokaci daga wuta 1 zuwa bayanan da ba'a shirya ba, bit 0 na Byte 2, deasserted da IntL ya tabbatar |
| Sake saita Lokacin Tabbatarwa | t_sake saiti | 2000 | ms | Lokaci daga tashi gefen fil ɗin ResetL har sai module ɗin ya cika aiki2 |
| LPMode Lokacin Tabbatarwa | ton_LPMode | 100 | μs | Lokaci daga tabbatarwa na LPMode (Vin: LPMode = Vih) har sai amfani da wutar lantarki ya shiga ƙananan Matsayin Ƙarfi |
| Lokacin Tabbatarwa IntL | ton_IntL | 200 | ms | Lokaci daga faruwar yanayin da ke haifar da IntL har zuwa Vout:IntL = Vol |
| IntL Deassert Time | toff_IntL | 500 | μs | toff_IntL 500 μs Lokaci daga share3 aiki tuta mai alaƙa har zuwa Vout:IntL = Voh. Wannan ya haɗa da lokutan kayan zaki don Rx LOS, Tx Fault da sauran raƙuman tuta. |
| Lokacin Tabbatarwa Rx LOS | ton_los | 100 | ms | Lokaci daga jihar Rx LOS zuwa Rx LOS bit saitin kuma IntL ya tabbatar |
| Lokacin Tabbatar da Tuta | ton_flag | 200 | ms | Lokaci daga faruwar yanayin da ke haifar da tuta zuwa saitin tuta mai alaƙa da IntL ya tabbatar |
| Lokacin Tabbatar da abin rufe fuska | ton_mask | 100 | ms | Lokaci daga abin rufe fuska bit saiti4 har sai an hana tabbatar da IntL mai alaƙa |
| Lokacin Kashe abin rufe fuska | toff_mask | 100 | ms | Lokaci daga abin rufe fuska bit an share4 har sai an dawo aikin Intl mai alaƙa |
| ModSelL Lokacin Gwaji | ton_ModSelL | 100 | μs | Lokaci daga tabbatar da ModSelL har sai samfurin ya ba da amsa ga watsa bayanai akan bas ɗin serial mai waya 2 |
| ModSelL Lokacin Zama | toff_ModSelL | 100 | μs | Lokaci daga deassertion na ModSelL har sai module ɗin bai amsa watsa bayanai akan bas ɗin serial na waya 2 |
| Power_over-hau koLokacin Saitin Ƙarfi | ton_Pdown | 100 | ms | Lokaci daga P_Down bit saita 4 har sai yawan wutar lantarki ya shiga ƙananan Matsayin Wuta |
| Power_over-ride ko Lokacin Ƙimar Ƙarfi | toff_Pdown | 300 | ms | Lokaci daga P_Down bit ya share4 har sai tsarin ya cika aiki3 |
Lura:
1. An ayyana kunnawa azaman nan take lokacin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya isa kuma ya kasance a ko sama da ƙaramin ƙayyadadden ƙimar.
2. An bayyana cikakken aiki kamar yadda IntL ya tabbatar saboda bayanan da ba a shirya ba, bit 0 byte 2 ba a tabbatar ba.
3. An auna daga faɗuwar agogo bayan tasha bit ɗin ciniki.
4. An auna daga faɗuwar agogo bayan tasha ɗan rubutun ma'amala.
•Tsare-tsare Block na Transceiver
•Pin Assignment
Hoton Hoton Mai Haɗin Gidan Mai Runduna Toshe Fin Lambobi da Suna
•PinBayani
| Pin | Hankali | Alama | Suna/Bayyana | Ref. |
| 1 |
| GND | Kasa | 1 |
| 2 | CML-I | Tx2n | Inverted Data Input |
|
| 3 | CML-I | Tx2 p | Fitar bayanan da ba a juyo ba |
|
| 4 |
| GND | Kasa | 1 |
| 5 | CML-I | Tx4n | Fitar bayanan da aka juyar da Transmitter |
|
| 6 | CML-I | Tx4p | Fitar bayanan da ba a juyar da shi ba |
|
| 7 |
| GND | Kasa | 1 |
| 8 | LVTTL-I | ModSelL | Zabin Module |
|
| 9 | LVTTL-I | Sake saitaL | Sake saitin Module |
|
| 10 |
| VccRx | + 3.3V Mai karɓar Wutar Lantarki | 2 |
| 11 | LVCMOS-I/O | SCL | 2-Way Serial Interface Clock |
|
| 12 | LVCMOS-I/O | SDA | 2-Way Serial Interface Data |
|
| 13 |
| GND | Kasa | 1 |
| 14 | CML-O | Rx3p | Fitar bayanan mai karɓa |
|
| 15 | CML-O | Rx3n | Fitar bayanan da ba a juyar da mai karɓa ba |
|
| 16 |
| GND | Kasa | 1 |
| 17 | CML-O | Rx1p | Fitar bayanan mai karɓa |
|
| 18 | CML-O | Rx1n | Fitar bayanan da ba a juyar da mai karɓa ba |
|
| 19 |
| GND | Kasa | 1 |
| 20 |
| GND | Kasa | 1 |
| ashirin da daya | CML-O | Rx2n | Fitar bayanan mai karɓa |
|
| ashirin da biyu | CML-O | Rx2p | Fitar bayanan da ba a juyar da mai karɓa ba |
|
| ashirin da uku |
| GND | Kasa | 1 |
| ashirin da hudu | CML-O | Rx4n | Fitar bayanan mai karɓa |
|
| 25 | CML-O | Rx4p | Fitar bayanan da ba a juyar da mai karɓa ba |
|
| 26 |
| GND | Kasa | 1 |
| 27 | LVTTL-O | ModPrsL | Module Present |
|
| 28 | LVTTL-O | IntL | Katsewa |
|
| 29 |
| VccTx | + 3.3V Mai watsa wutar lantarki | 2 |
| 30 |
| Vcc1 | + 3.3V Samar da wutar lantarki | 2 |
| 31 | LVTTL-I | LPMode | Yanayin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi |
|
| 32 |
| GND | Kasa | 1 |
| 33 | CML-I | tx 3p | Fitar bayanan da aka juyar da Transmitter |
|
| 34 | CML-I | Tx3n | Fitar bayanan da ba a juyar da shi ba |
|
| 35 |
| GND | Kasa | 1 |
| 36 | CML-I | Tx1p | Fitar bayanan da aka juyar da Transmitter |
|
| 37 | CML-I | Tx1n | Fitar bayanan da ba a juyar da shi ba |
|
| 38 |
| GND | Kasa | 1 |
Bayanan kula:
- GND ita ce alamar guda ɗaya da wadata (ƙarfi) gama gari don samfuran QSFP, Duk sun zama gama gari a cikin ƙirar QSFP kuma duk ƙarfin ƙarfin na'urar ana nuni da wannan yuwuwar in ba haka ba. Haɗa waɗannan kai tsaye zuwa siginar jirgin ƙasa gama gari. Ana kashe fitarwar Laser akan TDIS>2.0V ko buɗe, kunna akan TDIS
- VccRx, Vcc1 da VccTx sune masu samar da wutar lantarki da watsawa kuma za a yi amfani da su a lokaci guda. Shawarar da aka ba da shawarar hukumar samar da wutar lantarki ana nunawa a ƙasa. VccRx, Vcc1 da VccTx ana iya haɗa su cikin ciki a cikin tsarin transceiver QSFP a kowace haɗuwa. An ƙididdige fitilun masu haɗin haɗin kowane don iyakar halin yanzu na 500mA.
•Da'irar da aka ba da shawarar
•Girman Injini
Hotuna dalla-dalla samfurin:
Jagoran Samfuri masu alaƙa:
Mun kasance alƙawarin samar da m farashin, m kayayyakin da mafita high quality-, a lokaci guda da sauri bayarwa ga 8 Year Exporter Singlemode - 40Gb / s QSFP + ER4, 40km 1310nm SFP Transceiver JHA-QC40 - JHA , The samfurin zai wadata a duk faɗin duniya, kamar: Ecuador, Malta, Paraguay, Tare da ƙoƙarin ci gaba da tafiya tare da yanayin duniya, koyaushe za mu yi ƙoƙari don biyan bukatun abokan ciniki. Idan kuna son haɓaka wasu sabbin abubuwa, zamu iya keɓance su don dacewa da bukatunku. Idan kuna jin sha'awar kowane samfuranmu da mafita ko kuna son haɓaka sabbin kayayyaki, yakamata ku ji daɗin tuntuɓar mu. Muna sa ido don ƙirƙirar dangantakar kasuwanci mai nasara tare da abokan ciniki a duk faɗin duniya.
By Janet daga Gabon - 2017.06.22 12:49 Kyakkyawan fasaha, cikakkiyar sabis na tallace-tallace da ingantaccen aiki, muna tsammanin wannan shine kyakkyawan zaɓi na mu.
By Carey daga Jamaica - 2018.11.22 12:28 
